While carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer remarkable technological advantages, their environmental and safety implications are critical areas of research. As nanomaterials, CNTs possess unique physical and chemical properties that can affect human health and ecosystems if not properly managed. Inhalation of airborne CNT particles can lead to respiratory issues, inflammation, and long-term pulmonary effects. Therefore, industrial and laboratory protocols emphasize protective equipment, ventilation, and monitoring to minimize exposure during production, handling, and disposal.

CNTs also pose environmental challenges. Their persistence in soil, water, and air raises concerns about bioaccumulation and ecological impact. Studies indicate that CNTs can affect plant growth, aquatic organisms, and microbial communities if released in significant quantities. Consequently, sustainable production and disposal practices are essential to prevent environmental contamination. Research is ongoing to develop biodegradable or functionalized CNTs that retain performance while reducing ecological risks.

Regulatory frameworks for CNTs market share are evolving. Agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) are assessing the safe use, transport, and disposal of nanomaterials, including CNTs. Industry compliance with safety guidelines, labeling standards, and exposure limits is critical for minimizing risks to workers and consumers. Standardized testing for toxicity, environmental persistence, and occupational hazards is also being developed to ensure the safe commercialization of CNT-based products.

In addition to regulatory measures, green synthesis techniques are emerging to reduce environmental impact. Methods such as chemical vapor deposition using renewable feedstocks, plasma-assisted synthesis, and functionalization with biodegradable polymers aim to produce CNTs sustainably. Recycling and reuse of CNT-containing materials further minimize environmental footprints and contribute to circular economy practices.

Despite potential risks, the environmental and safety challenges of CNTs are manageable with proper research, engineering controls, and regulatory oversight. As understanding of CNT behavior in biological and ecological systems improves, safe handling and deployment will enable the continued use of CNTs in medicine, electronics, energy, and industrial applications. The key lies in balancing innovation with responsibility, ensuring that the benefits of CNTs do not come at the expense of human health or the environment.